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Fighter Jet Pic - The F15 is a small jet aircraft designed for all-weather combat use. Stocktrek/Getty Images

It didn't take long for the world to discover the combat potential of aircraft. In 1911, just eight years after the Wright brothers got their invention off the ground, the US military began dropping test bombs from above. A few years later, World War I soldiers battled it out in the skies with fighter jets.

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From there it went very quickly. Just 60 years later, the early single-engine propeller planes had evolved into sleek, powerful fighter jets capable of sharp aerial turns at over 600 miles per hour (970 km/h).

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In this article we will look at one of the most famous fighters, the F-15. This awesome plane is growing in years - it's been around since the early 1970s - but it's still an essential part of the US arsenal. According to the United States Air Force, he has a perfect combat record, with over 100 victories and zero losses. As we can see, its success is due to its incredible mobility, advanced electronic equipment and terrifying firepower.

The F-15 Eagle is a small, highly maneuverable jet aircraft designed to perform combat missions in all weather conditions. The primary mission is to maintain air superiority. In other words, the ultimate goal is to defeat other aircraft in dogfights.

The US Air Force commissioned the aircraft after observing the MiG-25, a powerful fighter jet released by the Soviet Union in 1967. jet fighter at the time, the F-4 Phantom, and in the heart of the Cold War, the Air Force needed a comparable aircraft as soon as possible. McDonnell Douglas (now with Boeing) won the contract for the new project and delivered the completed F-15 several years later. The company has since made several changes to this aircraft as technology and needs have changed (see below). The current fighter F-15 Eagle is the F-15C.

The original F-15 Eagle was designed to handle air-to-air targets (other aircraft) only. It was not built to bomb targets on the ground because the Air Force knew the additional equipment would hinder the aircraft's aerial combat capabilities. But when the Air Force needed a fighter-bomber to replace the aging F-111 until the new stealth F-117 was ready, they decided to adapt the F-15 for air-to-air missions. The result was the F-15 Strike Eagle, designated F-15E.

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The F-15 Strike Eagle (bottom) carries several air-to-ground weapons in addition to the air-to-air weapons found on the F-15C (top).

The Strike Eagle is not a replacement for the original F-15, but an additional bomber aircraft. Amazingly, the Air Force's workaround went on to become one of the best fighter-bombers ever made. In Operation Desert Storm, the Strike Eagle proved it could successfully fight past enemy aircraft, hit multiple ground targets and then fight its way out of enemy territory.

In the next section, we'll see how these two planes work together and find out how they dive, climb, and dodge so gracefully.

An F-15 has most of the elements you would find in a standard jet aircraft. It has two wings that generate lift, it has a vertical and horizontal stabilizer and rudders that balance and steer the aircraft, and there are two turbofan jet engines at the rear of the aircraft that generate thrust.

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The main difference between an F-15 and a conventional jet is how these elements are balanced. The F-15 twin engines (Pratt & Whitney F-100-PW-220s or 229s) have a very high thrust-to-weight ratio, making them relatively light for their thrust reproduction (they can reproduce nearly eight times). the weight itself in thrust).

The body of the aircraft is also very light, although it is extremely strong. The wing spars (the supporting structures in the wings) are made of titanium, which is lighter and stronger than steel, and most of the skin is made of lightweight aluminum. According to the Air Force, each engine can generate between 25,000 and 29,000 pounds of thrust. The standard weight of the F-15C is only 45,000 pounds, meaning thrust is greater than weight! This allows it to accelerate quickly, even when climbing at altitude.

The F-15 also has a very low wing loading, meaning it has a lot of wing area for its weight. A larger wingspan means more lift, making the aircraft more maneuverable. It can take off, climb and turn much faster than a conventional aircraft, which has much more weight per square foot of wing space.

The F-15's high thrust-to-weight ratio and low wing loading allow it to fire at a sharp angle from the ground.

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The F-15 can carry additional fuel in three external tanks. One is mounted under each wing and one is attached to the fuselage.

The engines are equipped with afterburner nozzles, which provide extra kick when needed. The injector injects fuel directly into the hot jet heating stream. It ignites, adding to the hot gases that burn out the back of the engine (see today's Question of the Day for details on reburning). At full power, the aircraft can exceed Mach 2.5 (approximately 2,984 km/h).

The high power of the engine comes at a price: low fuel consumption. In fact, the F-15 was designed with this limitation in mind. To increase range without refueling, it was built with large internal fuel tanks in the fuselage (the main body) and in the wings. It can also carry three external tanks, as well as a pair of aerodynamically shaped tanks under the wings that generate some of its own lift. With full fuel, the F-15C can fly 3,450 miles (5,550 km) and the F-15E can fly 2,400 miles (3,860 km).

The other problem with the motors is that they wear out very quickly. Given the amount of work, this is to be expected. Fortunately, they are very easy to replace - an Air Force ground crew can do it in less than an hour!

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The F-15 not only takes off quickly, it also stops quickly. It has its own retractable airbrake, a hydraulically operated panel that greatly increases the aircraft's drag to slow it down (much like a parachute).

The main thing that sets the F-15 and other modern fighters apart from their predecessors is their electronic systems. Early fighter pilots controlled their aircraft mechanically, by moving links, and usually used their own eyes to target enemy aircraft. In contrast, almost every aspect of the F-15 is automated.

The plane is actually a robot. It has a central computer, which is connected to a series of sophisticated sensors. Based on input from the inertial guidance system (which contains highly sensitive gyroscopic sensors) and the pilot, the computer activates hydraulic actuators to adjust the wings and rear stabilizers. The pilot does not directly control the aircraft: he or she gives instructions and the computer determines how they are carried out. The computer itself is constantly making flight adjustments to improve flight performance - the computer voluntarily provides a relatively smooth ride. The F-15 computer can make the necessary adjustments in milliseconds, about a hundred times faster than a human.

The main "eye" of the aircraft is the computer-controlled radar system, mounted in the nose. The radar's job is to detect other aircraft and generate terrain maps. The dish is mounted on movable gimbals so it can rotate to scan different areas or track a moving target. The radar indicates the movement of targets using the pulse-Doppler system - basically changes in the reflected radio wave frequency indicate whether the target is moving towards or away from the radar system (See How Radar Works for more information.)

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The F-15 Strike Eagle has additional scanning equipment, the Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) system. The LANTIRN system consists of two rods mounted on the underside of the aircraft near the tail of the engine.

The navigation pod contains another radar unit optimized to map terrain on the ground, and a forward-looking infrared night vision scanner (FLIR) that picks up the infrared heat energy from surrounding objects. Together, these sensors create a detailed image of the ground below, allowing the pilot or computer to fly in total darkness.

The target pod contains a powerful laser and another FLIR scanner, mounted on a rotating turret. The laser works as a rangefinder, which calculates the distance to targets based on how long it takes a laser beam to bounce on them, and also as a target designator, which identifies targets for laser-guided missiles. The aiming system is designed to select ground targets, but can also be used in air-to-air combat.

The central computer processes data from the radar and the LANTIRN system and displays target and navigation information to the crew. In the next section, we'll look into the cockpit to see how

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